E Kulukulu Waimaka

For String Quartet (opt bsn.) and Tape

Dating back to the late 1800's, the Hawaiian language and culture was disapproved of by many missionaries. Over time, the language and culture started to become forbidden. Some were even punished for practicing their language. Several newspaper articles dating back to the 1880s were reused to revitalize the historic accounts of Native Hawaiians during that time.

Narration by Haily Nascimento.
Newspaper articles courtesy of Nupepa Hawaii. (https://nupepa-hawaii.com)